These are current rules on the subject, and vary depending on whether the parents are married or not, and the date of birth of the child.

Birth Abroad Out-of-Wedlock to a U.S. Citizen Father – “New” Section 309(a)

A person born abroad out-of-wedlock to a U.S. citizen father may acquire U.S. citizenship under Section 301(c) or 301(g) of the INA, as made applicable by the “new” Section 309(a) of the INA if:

1. A blood relationship between the person and the father is established by clear and convincing evidence;
2. The father had the nationality of the United States at the time of the person’s birth;
3. The father (unless deceased) has agreed in writing to provide financial support for the person until the person reaches the age of 18 years, and
4. While the person is under the age of 18 years --

• the person is legitimated under the law of his/her residence or domicile,
• the father acknowledges paternity of the person in writing under oath, or
• the paternity of the person is established by adjudication of a competent court.

If you have questions about the contents of this section or related citizenship laws you should contact a private attorney.

Birth Abroad Out-of-Wedlock to a U.S. Citizen Father – “Old” Section 309(a)

A person born abroad out-of-wedlock to a U.S. citizen father may acquire U.S. citizenship under the formerly designated Sections 301(a)(3) and 301(a)(7) (changed to INA 301(c) and 301(g) effective October 10, 1978) of the INA as made applicable by the “old” Section 309(a) of the INA if the paternity of the child has been established by legitimation before the person turned 21.

The “old” Section 309(a) of the INA is applicable to individuals who were 18 or older on November 14, 1986 and to individuals whose paternity had been established by legitimation prior to that date.

Individuals who were at least 15 on November 14, 1986, but under the age of 18, could opt to have their claim determined in accordance with the provisions of either the “old” or the “new” Section 309(a).

Birth Abroad in Wedlock to a U.S. Citizen and an Alien

A person born abroad in wedlock to a U.S. citizen and an alien acquires U.S. citizenship at birth if the U.S. citizen parent has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions prior to the person’s birth for the period required by the statute in effect when the person was born (INA 301(g), formerly INA 301(a)(7).)

For birth on or after November 14, 1986, the U.S. citizen parent must have been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for five years prior to the person’s birth, at least two of which were after the age of fourteen.

For birth between December 24, 1952 and November 13, 1986, the U.S. citizen parent must have been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for 10 years prior to the person’s birth, at least five of which were after the age of 14 for the person to acquire U.S. citizenship at birth.

The U.S. citizen parent must be the genetic or the gestational parent and the legal parent of the child under local law at the time and place of the child’s birth to transmit U.S. citizenship.

travel.state.gov/.../Acquisition-US-Citizenship-Child-Born-Abroad.html

Minor (under 14)
710 php (200 for the ECC, 10 for the LRF and 500 for Express Lane Fee)

A valid ACR card, and valid visa, are two of the requirements for an ECC-A.

The procedure is:

1. Secure and fill out application form.
2. Submit duly accomplished form and attach the other supporting documents.
3. Wait for the issuance of Order of Payment Slip (OPS).
4. Pay the corresponding fees.
5. Submit the accomplished application form with the required attachments and attach original Official Receipts.
6. Present claim stub on the appointed date and time of return for releasing of Original Certification and Receipts.
7. Acknowledge receipt by signing the duplicate copy of the Certification before releasing the original Certification and Official Receipt.

http://immigration.gov.ph/47-clearance/311-ecc-with-student-visa

An ECC-B is issued to departing holders of Immigrant and Non-Immigrant visas with valid ACR I-Cards and are leaving the country temporarily.

The ECC-B is a single-use receipt issued to evidence their Special Return Certificate (SRC) (for Non-Immigrants) or Re-entry Permit (RP) which is valid for one (1) year.

The ECC-B may be secured at a Bureau of Immigration Office or in the airport upon departure.

Note:

Foreign nationals who failed to present their ECCs comprised 33% of travelers who were denied departure.

If staying longer than that, the visitor is supposed to get a Visa Extension.

The first Tourist Visa extension is the initial extension of twenty-nine (29) days, taking the visit up to 59 days. These extensions can then continue for a total of 24 or 36 months, if required.

Some people do not bother with a visa extension, and find they have a problem when they want to leave the Philippines.

Most people who have stayed for 6 months, or more, will need to get an Exit Clearance Certificate before they are permitted to leave.  This can only be provided to someone with up to date visas.

Consequently, any 'overstayers' without visa extensions, then find that they need to pay ALL previously unpaid visa fees, plus a penalty.

The cost might only be 4,310 pesos for a one day to one Month Overstay, or..

It might reach 13,000 pesos for up to a Three Month Overstay.

Some long term overstayers have been known to pay 80,000 pesos for a 19 months overstay.

or

Nearly half a million pesos for an overstay of about 15 years.

Yes, some people do overstay that long.

The figures are approximate costs.  Immigration will determine the exact cost when you visit their office.

A reasonable ‘estimate’ can be made by calculating 3,000 pesos for every month of overstay. Or about 30,000 pesos for each year.

Other problems with overstaying a Visa can include:

• Being banned from returning to the Philippines.
• Being detained at the Immigration Detention Center, Bicutan, Taguig City, Manila.

Being detained at the Bureau of Immigration detention center is not that pleasant, when one considers that it is designed to accommodate 140 detainees, but sometimes houses 1,500.

Oct 10, 2019 news report: Wednesday’s arrests bring the number of arrested foreign workers to nearly 1,500, causing overcrowding at the Bureau of Immigration’s detention center, which could only accommodate 140 detainees.

Student visa conversion applies to international students who initially come to the Philippines with a tourist visa and are at least 18 years old.

Once approved, the student visa will be for a duration of one year.

After one year, the student visa would need extension/ renewal every six months. The Registrar’s Office (RO) and the Admissions Office at the University or Education Facility will normally assist all international students in this process.

The cost to extend a Student Visa in the Philippines is shown as 4,020 PHP. (as checked 4 November 2019)

This may be increased by US$50 if an ACR-I card is not currently held.

One ACR-I card application or renewal is needed every 12 months.

PHP
2,000 Application Fee
1,000 Implementation Fee
1,000 Service Fee
500 Certificate Fee
1,000 Visa Fee
1,400 ICR, CRTV, CRTS, CRTT, CRPE
70 Legal Research Fee (LRF) for each immigration fee except Head Tax and Fines
1,000 Alien Certificate of Registration (ACR)
250 Head Tax
500 Express Fee (Certification)
500 Express Fee (Filing)
500 Express Fee (I-Card Processing)
9,720 TOTAL
plus
$50.00 Additional I-Card Fee (based on current exchange rate)